Albanian History
From the Illyrians to the collapse of Communism.
A Brief Constitutional History of Albania
Institute for Policy & Legal Studies.
A Brief History of Albania
From Illyria to Albania.
Andorra - Primary Documents
Belarus: History and Famous Personalities
A categorised list of the fresh Belarus history related Internet resources.
The History of Belarussian Jewry
WWW-VL History: Belarus
Belarusian History Index
Antwerpen (Antwerp) The history of the town
Belgium Travel Network.
Belgium - Primary Documents
Brussels - The history of the town
Belgium Travel Network.
Confrérie de la Malemort
Medieval Reenactors.
The Federal Parliament of Belgium
Gent, (Ghent)The history of the town
Belgium Travel Network.
History of East Belgium
History of Lacemaking
The Institute of Historical Dance
The Institute of Historical Dance (IHDP, Ghent, Belgium) was founded by Lieven Baert in 1992. Its aims are the research of historical dances (from 15th to 19th century) on a scientific basis, as well as the practising and performing the dances themselves.
Les musées en Wallonie
The Mechelen Museum of Deportation and the Resistance
Not only a museum about the deportation of Belgian Jews, but also about their resistance. Thanks to the support they received from the Belgian people, many managed to escape from their Nazi pursuers and their collaborators.
Medieval Tournai - An Academic Resource Center
The Monarchy in Belgium
Beligian Federal Government On Line.
Tongeren, History of the town
Belgium Travel Network.
Ville de Charleroi - History
The largest city in Wallonia (the French-speaking part of Belgium) and the third largest city in Belgium.
History of Bulgaria 681 - 1944
Bulgaria.com.
Croatia - Historical and Cultural Overview
Very comprehensive and informative overview by Darko Zubrinic. This is an excellent Web site.
The Czech and Slovak Collections at the Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is considered to be the best repository of Czech and Slovak books, periodicals and other reading materials outside the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
History of Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic
Institute of Contemporary History
Publisher of the Journal of Contemporary History. In English and Czech.
Town SEMILY (Czech Republic) - History
Estonian History
A list of links to Estonian history sites from the Institute of Baltic Studies.
Estonian National Museum
An ethnological focus. There is a good virtual exhibition.
History of Estonia
From Estonia Country Guide. Concise history covering ancient to present.
Museum of Tartu University History
National Library of Estonia
Tallinn - the Capital of Estonia
A very brief history of the city by the Estonian Ecotourism Association.
Age of King Charles V (1338-1380)
The Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Amiens Cathedral Project
Computer generated Images of Amiens Cathedral. Columbia University.
Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Links to the English version
Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
Carcassonne Site Officiel
Medieval Walled City.
Cathedral of Notre Dame of Paris
Centre de documentation du Service de la conservation et de la restauration de la Bibliothèque nationale de France
Château de Versailles
The official site. In French and English.
Charrette Project (Chretien de Troyes: Le Chevalier de la Charrette)
The Charrette project is a complex, scholarly, multi-media electronic archive containing a medieval manuscript tradition--that of Chrétien de Troyes's Le Chevalier de la Charrette (Lancelot, ca. 1180). It is developed and maintained by the Department of Romance Languages, Princeton University.
Comité d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Mauriac (Auvergne - Cantal) et sa Région.
Committee of History and Archaeology of Mauriac and its Area (Auvergne - Cantal) in France. Covers prehistory, Roman colonization, Middle Ages and modern times.
Creating French Culture
More than 200 magnificent "treasures" on loan from the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. A Library of Congress Exhibition.
Ecole Polytechnique
France -- Primary Documents
EuroDocs, Brigham Young University.
The French Collections at the Library of Congress
French Revolution documents
Collection of French legal documents, published primarily between 1789 and 1799. Lilly Library, Indiana University.
French Revolutionary Pamphlets
University of Chicago.
French Studies Web
The WESS French Studies Web provides annotated links to scholarly web resources and also includes sites of particular interest to librarians specializing in Western Europe.
Historie de la Justice en France
From the French Revolution to The Fifth Republic.
Institut National de l'Audiovisuel
INA collects programmes from public television channels and radios, stocks and restores them, and provides access for professionals. It also continues to enrich its archives by acquiring collections from public and private organizations.
Les tres riches heures du Duc de Berry
The Très Riches Heures is the classic example of a medieval book of hours.This was a collection of the text for each liturgical hour of the day - hence the name - which often included other, supplementary, texts. Calendars, prayers, psalms and masses for certain holy days were commonly included.
Musee de l'Histoire de la France
Among the documents on display in the museum are the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (Louis XIV), the Concordat of 1802 between Napoléon and the Holy See, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and letters by Joan of Arc and Voltaire.
The Napoleon Series
The Napoleon Series is dedicated to the study of Napoleon Bonaparte and his times.
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, 1812
Illustrated history of Napoleon's ill fated drive to take the Rodina.
The Napoleonic Guide
Comprehensive, easy-to-use online magazine on the Napoleonic Era.
Paris Libere!
The Liberation of Paris, 25 August 1944
Paris Maps
From 1716 through 1887. Columbia University.
Project for American and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language
ARTFL is a cooperative project of the Institut National de la Langue Française (INaLF) of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Divisions of the Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Chicago.
Reims, Notre-Dame Cathedral
Plans and drawings as well as photographs.
Rennes University: French Discussion List Archives
Savoie Home Page
These pages describe Savoie's villages, culture, archeology, history, museums, castles, craftsmen, folklore and local language.
Siege and Commune of Paris (1870-1871)
This WWW page contains links to over 1200 digitized photographs and images recorded during the Siege and Commune of Paris cir.1871. In addition to the images in this set, the Library's Siege & Commune Collection contains 1500 caricatures, 68 newspapers in hard-copy and film, hundreds of books and pamphlets and about 1000 posters. Additions are made regularly. The originals are located in Special Collections in the Deering Library at Northwestern University.
Tales from Froissart
Edited by Steve Muhlberger, Department of History, Nipissing University.
Twentieth Century France: History and Politics
This site takes you chronologically through some of the main events that have helped shape France in the twentieth century.
Virtual Library History of France - Histoire de France
In French and some English (annotations to entries French only).
A Brief History of Crete
Well written work by Spyros Koutsoupakis and not nearly as brief as most brief histories found on the Web. Covers ancient and modern.
History of Greece
From pre-history through World War II.
Modern Greece -- Primary Documents
Corvinus Library - Hungarian History
Many downloadable articles on Hungarian history. Most in PDF or Word formats.
The Founding of Hungary
History of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire -- Primary Documents
EuroDocs, Brigham Young University.
History of Kecskemét
History of Sopron
The Hungarian Collections at the Library of Congress
Hungarian History
The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
Archives, history, bibliography, photographs. The Web site is in English and Hungarian.
JATE University Library Special Collections
MÚLT-KOR Történelmi Portál
A history portal site. In Hungarian.
The Magyars of Conquest-Period Hungary
A Quick Introduction to Budapest's History
The Republic of Hungary - Geography and History
A Brief History of the University of Salerno
The Castles of Tuscany
A trip through the medieval treasures of this Italian region with history,photos, plans for touristic itineraries in the heart of Italy.
Christian Catacombs of Rome
This site is intended for people who wish to deepen their knowledge of the Christian Catacombs of Rome and of the Church history in its origins. The site provides extensive material, in separate sections, dealing with this fascinating and largely unknown topic.
Civilization of Renaissance Italy
By Jacob Burckhardt.
Commune of Florence Web Site
Decameron Web
A growing hypermedia archive of materials dedicated to Boccaccio's masterpiece. Brown University.
Florentine Catasto of 1427
The Online Catasto is a World Wide Web searchable database of tax information for the city of Florence during the period extending from 1427 to 29, inclusive. It is based on David Herlihy and Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, Principa Investigators, Census and Property Survey of Florentine Dominions in the Province of Tuscany, 1427-1480.
Gruppo Archeologico Pisano (GAP)
GAP is a voluntary association which has been operating in Pisa since 1970 in the field of cultural heritage, in particular archaeology.
Guido Mazzoni Pamphlet Collection
In November, 1994, the Special Collections Library of Duke University completed a two-year project to provide greater access to the Guido Mazzon Pamphlet Collection. Acquired in 1948, this collection comprises over 49,000 pamphlets, newspapers, clippings, small volumes, librettos, epithalamia, and broadsides. Imprints range from the late sixteenth century to 1943. It is one of the largest private Italian libraries of its kind in the United States. Many of its pieces are very rare and difficult to find in the United States and even in Italy.
History of Sardinia.
I normanni nel Sud (History of the Normans in Italy)
Studies on the Norman warriors, the counties and dioceses of Alife, Caiazzo, Telese and Sant'Agata de'Goti, towns of Southern Italy, in the centuries XI-XII. By Angelo Gambella.
The Italian Collections at the Library of Congress
Italian Studies Web
The Italian Studies Web is designed to provide access to scholarly resources in Italian Studies. Yale University.
Medici Archive Project
Founded in 1995 in order to realize the undeveloped potential of the Medici Granducal Archive, housed in the Archivio di Stato in Florence. Arts and humanities, Jewish history, costume and textiles.
Resources on Antonio Gramsci
Available resources include an online searchable version of the complete Bibliografia gramsciana, a complete list of Gramsci's writings, related appendices and introductory materials, and the first eight issues of the Newsletter of the International Gramsci Society. Queens College-CUNY
Torrione Castle on the Web
A private fortress surviving from the Middle Ages.
Waters of the City of Rome
An interactive cartographic history of the relationship between hydrological and hydraulic systems and their impact on the urban development of Rome, Italy from 753 BC to the present day.
Windows On Italy - History: Main Index
Pre-history through the Republic.
Exploring Leonardo
A resource for teachers and students. Boston Museum of Science.
WebMuseum: Leonardo da Vinci
WebMuseum, Paris
Folklore and Traditonal Culture Related Organizations in Latvia
History of Latvia
From legendary to reinstatement of independence. The Latvian Institute.
Library of the University of Latvia
Timetable of Latvia's History
The Latvian Institute.
The Manuscript Collections of the Vilnius University Library
An inventory list.
Ramunas HP - Lithuania History
A Short History of Lithuania's Seimas Elections
Short Lithuania History
Vilnius in Old Photographs
The unique photographs in this exhibition show the distinctive and unparalleled old city of Vilnius.
Vilnius University Library - Historical Collections
In Lithuanian, English and French.
The Wooden Synagogue in Yurburg, Lithuania
Built in 1790, destroyed in 1941.
The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
General description of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg under the headings of: Geography, History, Economy, Currency, Population, and Languages.
Le gouvernement Luxembourgeois
Luxembourg -- Primary Documents
Musée National d'Histoire Militaire
Musée National de la Resistance
The 700 Years of Grimaldi
Provides a History of Monaco as well as tracing the Grimaldi family.
Anne Frank Center USA
A short biography, resources for teachers, study materials for students.
Anne Frank House
Cartografie
Historic maps by Dutch cartographers.
The Dutch Collections at the Library of Congress
Dutch East India Company
This history by Stefan Deconinck, is in English and Dutch.
The Dutch Golden Age
Early modern Dutch history. Primary and secondary texts, bibliographies and research projects.
Institute of Netherlands History
Joan's Dutch Royal Genealogy
Includes the Dutch Royal Family, the Counts of Holland and Descent from the Lords of Strijen.
Netherlands Historical Data Archives
The Netherlands Historical Data Archive (NHDA) collects research data sets containing historical information. Part of the collection of deposited datasets is available for re-use directly. The NHDA also offers a survey of historical datasets that are not part of the NHDA-collection.
The Netherlands Institute for War Documentation
The Dutch centre for information and research on the Netherlands (including the former Dutch East Indies) and World War II. Amsterdam.
Refugees in the the Netherlands during the First World War, 1914-1918
This site is about military and civilian people fleeing from the acts of war and their stay in internment and refuge camps during the First World War inThe Netherlands 1914-1918.
Verzetsmuseum Friesland (Resistance Museum)
Archaeological Research at Oslonki, Poland
From 1989 to 1994, six seasons of archaeological research took place at the site of Oslonki (pronounced ohs-won-key) in north-central Poland. Oslonki is located about 120 kilometers northwest of Warsaw and about 20 kilometers west of the city of Wloclawek. Archaeological research at Oslonki focuses on the study of the earliest farmers of the North European Plain, continuing work begun in 1976 at the nearby site of Brzesc Kujawski. Excavations by a team of Polish and American archaeologists have revealed a large village occupied just before 4000 B.C. with longhouses and graves. In order to understand more fully how these early farmers lived, it is important to study not only their settlement and graves but also how they used and changed the local environment.
The History Of Poland
LNT Poland - Polish Jews in World War II
Polish Aviation History
The Polish Collections at the Library of Congress
Polish Contribution to Victory in The Second World War
Text of a booklet by Andrzej Suchcitz, published by the Polish Ex-Combatants Association In Great Britain.
Polskie Konstytucje
The Polish constitution. In Polish and English.
Roman Catholic Church in Poland
Science in Poland - Albert Michelson
His experiments triggered a progressive chain of advances in physics which helped to unravel and unify often opposing theories.
A Short History of Poland
Warsaw Uprising, 1944
The Warsaw Uprising was probably the largest single operation organized and executed by a partisan organization in WWII. It lasted two months, and when it was over, 200,000 people were dead, and the entire city was in ruins.
Wolf Lewkowicz Collection
Between 1922 and 1939, Wolf Lewkowicz, of Konskie, Lodz and Opoczno, Poland, engaged in a lengthy and intimate correspondence in Yiddish with Sol J. Zissman. Wolf and his daughter, Regina died in Treblinka. This online version of The Wolf Lewkowicz Collection contains only the English translations of the Yiddish letters.
Contemporary Portuguese Politics and History Research Centre
Provides a central store of high quality resource material which could be used to enhance and promote the study of Portuguese political history amongst those who cannot read or speak the Portuguese language.
Iberian Studies Web
The Iberian Studies Web is designed to provide access to scholarly resources in Iberian Studies (for Spain, Portugal and Andorra).
Portugal - Primary Documents
Portuguese Historical Museum
Portuguese Order of Christ
The Order of Christ was a Portuguese military order originating with the Templars and was heavily involved with Henry the Navigator and the age of discovery.
Vidas Lusófonas, Lives of the Portuguese Speaking World
A number of Portuguese biographies. In English and Portuguese.
Art of the Fresco: Romania's Painted Monasteries
Between 1530 and 1601, churches sprang up in northern Moldavia, frescoed within and without with a liberality and magnificence unparalleled in any other country. Photographs and discussions of four principal sites follow a brief historical introduction.
Brief History of România
Ancient through the Revolution of 1989.
The Dacians - People of Ancient Times
Everything about the ancient civilization of the Dacians. Articles and many pictures. The Dacians inhabited in ancient times a large area, including present day Romania, Moldova and parts of Bulgaria, Hungary, Ukraine.
Decadence, Rome and Romania, and the Emperors Who Weren't
Embassy of Romania
Washington D.C.
History of Bucharest
The capital of Romania.
History of Romanians
An excellent short history by Ion Calafeteanu from pre-history to the Romanian Revolution of 1989. It takes a long time to load but it's definitely worth the wait.
History of Wine in Romania
Institutul Teologic Romano Catolic "Sf. Iosif" Iasi - Biblioteca
Romanian Collections at the Library of Congress
The largest in the Americas and probably the largest outside of Romania and Moldova. Monographic works either published in Romania or which pertain to Romania total approximately 40,000 titles.
A Traveler's Compendium of Romanian History
European Cultural Centre, Bucharest.
Alexander Palace Time Machine
Palace tour, history, archives, Romanov diaries and letters, plans and maps.
Bucknell Russian Studies
Original materials on the history of Russia and the Russian language, links to information about every other aspect of the Russian life and society.
Center "Fate od Dynasty"
In Russian. Apparently no alternative languages.
Chronology of Russian History
This page dates the major (and some not so major) events in Russian history and links them with explanatory and related materials on the Web. Bucknell University.
CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Union, 1947-1991
All documents are in PDF format.
The Empire That Was Russia
The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated. This is an exhibition by the Library of Congress. The color photos of this time period are stunning. Do not miss this site.
Face of Russia
A personal interpretation of Russia’s cultural history by one of America’s pre-eminent Russian scholars, James H. Billington.
The History of the Russian Navy
This is an online book. From Slavic boats through World War I.
Khazaria Information Center
History of the Jewish-Turkic Khazar Kingdom of medieval Russia.
Meeting of Frontiers
Bilingual, multimedia English-Russian digital library that tells the
story of the American exploration and settlement of the West, the parallel exploration and settlement of Siberia and the Russian Far East, and the meeting of the Russian-American frontier in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest.
Revelations from the Russian Archives
An exhibition by the Library of Congress. The documents that the Library of Congress has chosen from the 500 made available from the Russian archives cover the entire range of Soviet history from the October Revolution of 1917 to the failed coup of August 1991. They include material from archives that had been key working files of the Communist rulers until August 1991: the archives of the Central Committee, the Presidential archive, and the KGB.
Russian & European Network Information Center
Resources on Eastern and Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union (general). The University of Texas at Austin.
Russian and East European Studies Virtual Library (REESWeb)
University of Pittsburgh.
The Russian Collections at the Library of Congress
Holds about 700,000 physical volumes (books, sets, continuations, and bound periodicals) in Russian, and approximately the same number of volumes in other languages of the former USSR and volumes in Western languages about Russia and the former Soviet Union. There are also significant collections of other non-book print materials (music scores, newspapers, microforms and artographic materials) and non-print materials (sound recordings, motion pictures, manuscripts, photographs, and posters).
Russian Empire, 1895-1910
Photographs from stereoscopic negatives in the Keystone-Mast Collection. University of California, Riverside.
Russian Federal Archives
This is a brief extract from the ArcheoBiblioBase information system on archival repositories in the Russian Federation. International Institute of Social History.
Russian History
Bucknell University.
Russian Orthodox Church
The official Web server of the Moscow Patriarchate.
Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution links.
Russian-Swedish War of 1808-09
This Web site by Göran Frilund contains articles, maps, biographies, illustrations, and a bibliography.
The Socio-Political State Library
The Socio-Political State Library (GOPB) is the largest specialized library in the social sciences in Russia.
Soviet Archives Exhibit
The first public display of the hitherto highly secret internal record of Soviet Communist rule. Library of Congress.
State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia
There is a large online digital collection as well as a history of the Hermitage.
Trotsky Archive
University of Colorado, Boulder.
Witnesses of an age: the residents of Leningrad
San Marino -- Primary Documents
Brigham Young University.
The Czech and Slovak Collections at the Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is considered to be the best repository of Czech and Slovak books, periodicals and other reading materials outside the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The History of Slovakia
From its origins to independence. The Franco-Slovak Association.
The State Research Library in Ceske Budejovice
In English and Slovakian.
History Resources
Library Services in Slovenia
Ljubljana Castle, Slovenia
Slovene Archives
Links to archives in Slovenia.
American Academy of Research Historians of Medieval Spain
The Harley L. McDevitt Collection on the Spanish Inquisition
An online exhibition and a searchable database. Department of Special Collections at the University of Notre Dame.
History of Catalonia
From the Middle Ages through modern times.
History of Mallorca
Iberian Studies Web
The Iberian Studies Web is designed to provide access to scholarly resources in Iberian Studies (for Spain, Portugal and Andorra).
Letters of Philip II, King of Spain, 1592-1597
These letters from Philip II, King of Spain, mainly to Don Diego de Orellana de Chaves, Royal Governor of Spain's northern coast, date from the time of naval war against England and France, 1592 - 1597.
Museo Sefard¡
Sí, Spain
By the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Covers history, geography, foreign affairs. In English, German and Spanish.
Six Late Medieval Spanish Documents
A joint project of Adena Graphics & Maine Arts and Humanities Outreach Project (AHOP), Inc.
Spain - A Country Study
Prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program sponsored by the Department of the Army.
Spain, the United States, & the American Frontier: Historias Paralelas
A collaborative effort of the Library of Congress, the Institución Colombina and National Library of Spain. The site features maps, rare books, manuscripts, prints and photographs, and motion pictures from the Library of Congress. These selected items relate to Spanish influence and interaction with other cultures existing in the geographic areas of North America, the Caribbean, and present-day Mexico between 1492-1898. In English and Spanish.
The Spanish Armada of 1588
Explores the story of King Philip II of Spain's attempt to invade England, which resulted in what is regarded as the longest naval battle in history.
The Kutschurgan Web Site
Surnames, Villages, Maps, Other Researchers, Books.
The Ukrainian Collections at the Library of Congress
Ukrainian Famine 1932-33
This is part of Library of Congress's Soviet Archives exhibit.
Città del Vaticano
The Holy See
Musei Vaticani
Sistine Chapel, Extended Tour
Vatican City - Primary Documents
Vatican Exhibit Rome Reborn
Library of Congress Vatican Exhibit.
World History Compass